What kind of switches are used at the electrical installation?

Service Description

What kind of switches are used at the electrical installation?

The switches and the toggles ensure the connection and disconnection of the circuits of light and of some mobile consumers of household use (usually – home appliances – vacuum cleaner, heaters, washing machines, mixers, kitchen robots, hair driers) and electronic devices (radio and TVs, audio and video recording and playback devices).

The classification of the connecting devices is done by constructive, functional and usage criteria.

 Depending on the functional principle – the switches and the toggles can be:

– rotary switch– in which switching is done by rotating a button, characterized by: higher breaking power (the only ones that can be used also in continuous electric current installation); easier sealing in dusty environment; relatively low functioning duration (20-25 thousand operations)

–  dumb and watershed type – in which switching is done by balancing of a lever, more often used are the watershed ones because of the specific advantages towards the others; easier handling; quieter operation; much smaller space required; lower consumption of materials; greater longevity (200-250 thousand operations).

Depending on the installation mode – the switches and the toggles are made for assembling:

– apparent (on the plaster – PT)

– buried (under the plaster – ST)

– assembled in special boxes (doses of appliances), buried in the wall and made of leaded steel sheet or plastic materials;

– in installations in the plaster (with flat construction – INTENC)

– at which the electric lines are assembled directly in the thin layer of plaster, without protective tubes and the switch gear is realized as the apparent assembling but with a special construction reduced in dimension.

Depending on the protective way against the mechanic hits or humidity penetration, there are made the switches and the toggles:

– normal – in which the case is from Bakelite or porcelain;

– waterproof under the plaster – to be installed in bathrooms, kitchens or other similar spaces with atmosphere rich in water  vapour, with the lid and the button of porcelain, provided with special rubber gaskets to prevent the moisture penetration inside;

– encapsulated in metal – for outdoors use or in places where they could be damaged by hit (workshops, stables), with a normal construction but placed in a metal case of iron, aluminum;

– encapsulated in Bakelite – for usage in wet areas (basements, cellars), with a apparent construction and equipped with rubber gaskets.

Depending on the realized connection scheme, there are distinguished:

– the simple switches – assembled in appliance dose, to which the connecting electrical conductors are brought through protective tubes and used for switching on and switching off of a single point of a lamp or group of lamp;

– the double switches – similar in construction with the first ones, but performing the role of two simple switches and used in rooms with two or more lights, to rationalize their use by switching on and switching off in a alternative way of the lights (when a group of lights is on, the other group of lights must be off);

– the toggles for ends or stairs – ensure the electric contact of 0 terminal with one or with the other one of 1 or 2 terminals, for switching on and switching off of a lamp or a group of lamps from different points, for example, rooms with one entrance, staircases, long halls in homes or social-administrative buildings;

– the series toggles (for chandelier) for separate switching on and switching off ( independent) and successive (alternative) of two groups of lamps;

– the cross toggles – used for one or more (as necessary) intermediate actions between two toggles of end, with the purpose to switch on or to switch off a group of lamps from many different points.

The main elements that compose the switches and the toggles for installations (regardless of their constructive variant) are:

– the base – made by pressing therm-reactive plastic materials;

– the lid and the button of action done by: – injection – from thermoplastic resin; – pressing – from aminoplast (most commonly),  from Bakelite powder and from porcelain (for operating in very wet places);

– the interruption contacts – from Tombac sheet or hard brass, stamped and swaged (at the rotary ones) or from silver rivets (for the watershed ones);

– the connection terminals to the external circuit – from profiles of brass;

– the elements for fixation, the mechanics of the appliance dose (for buried assembling);

– the abruptness mechanism – to achieve sudden interruption of electrical circuit;

– the fixation screws and the contact screws.

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